1920s-1940s
Early Influences
- Germany: *Nosferatu* (1922) and the expressionist movement set the stage for visual and atmospheric horror.
- Universal Monsters: Hollywood's golden age of monsters, including *Frankenstein* (1931), *Dracula* (1931), and *The Mummy* (1932), shaped the genre.
1950s-1960s
Post-War Horror
- Japan: Birth of *kaidan* (ghost stories), influencing future supernatural horror (e.g., *Ringu* - 1998).
- USA & Europe: Emergence of monster and sci-fi horror reflecting Cold War fears, such as *Godzilla* (1954) and *Psycho* (1960).
1970s-1980s
Slasher & Folk Horror
- USA: The rise of slasher films such as *Halloween* (1978), *Friday the 13th* (1980), and supernatural horror like *The Exorcist* (1973).
- Europe: Folk horror and social fears with films like *The Wicker Man* (1973).
- Asia: Emergence of J-horror and supernatural traditions.
1990s-2000s
J-Horror & Latin American Horror
- Japan: *J-Horror* blends ghost stories with psychological terror (*Ringu* - 1998, *Ju-on* - 2002).
- Latin America: Horror rooted in political, social, and historical issues, with films like *The Devil's Backbone* (2001) and *Cronos* (1992).
- India: Supernatural horror with roots in folklore and social issues, seen in *Bhoot* (2003).
2010s-Present
Modern Global Horror
- South Korea: Horror films with social critique and emotional depth, such as *Train to Busan* (2016).
- Globalization: Exchange of ideas across borders, with horror incorporating local folklore and societal anxieties into universal narratives, as seen in films like *Get Out* (2017) and *Tumbbad* (2018).